Seeking a Home: Preserving F. M. Trautz’s 1933 New Year's Greetings

I have now completed my study on the 1933 New Year's Greeting postcards sent to F. M. Trautz. While a few of them have been transferred to new owners, I still retain the majority of this collection. I would like these historical documents to be placed in an institutional museum or library that conducts research on Trautz and Japanese-German relations of his time period.

武政喜作 北海道 電略 年賀状 F. M. Trautz 1933

武政喜作  電略 年賀状 F. M. Trautz 1933

Takemasa Kisaku Japanese Telegraph Shorthand Postcard to F. M. Trautz

This is the first instance in the Trautz postcard collection where "telegraph shorthand" (電略（ダケ）又ハ（タ）) is listed as a means of communication, rather than using the telephone. This makes the postcard particularly interesting. Unfortunately, I was unable to find any information about the sender, Takemasa Kisaku, from Hokkaido.

板倉鞆音 ドイツ文学者 年賀状 エフ・エム・トラウツ 1933年

板倉鞆音 ドイツ文学者 年賀状 エフ・エム・トラウツ 1933年

1933 Japanese Poet and German Literature Scholar Itakura Tomone Postcard to F. M. Trautz

Itakura Tomone (1907–1990) was a poet and German literature scholar. Born in Aichi Prefecture, he graduated from the German Literature Department of the Faculty of Letters at Kyoto Imperial University in 1930. He later became an associate professor and then a professor at Aichi University, retiring in 1983.

Did you know that during his studies in Leipzig, Germany, Itakura Tomone stayed in the house of Anna Berliner (1888–1977), a German psychologist? For more information, read "Anna Berliner and Her Approach to Japanese Culture" by Chantal Weber, Department of Japanese Studies, University of Cologne, Germany.

堀場信吉 化学者 年賀状 F. M. Trautz

堀場信吉 化学者 年賀状 F. M. Trautz

Japanese Chemist Horiba Shinkichi Postcard to F. M. Trautz 1933

This 1933 New Year's greeting card was sent by Horiba Nobukichi (1886–1968), a renowned Japanese chemist, to Friedrich Max Trautz. Interestingly, the card includes the names of his wife, daughter, and son. His son Masao, who was 10 years old at the time, would later become a distinguished scientist in his own right.

Horiba Nobukichi began his academic career as an assistant professor at Kyoto Imperial University and furthered his studies in the UK and Germany. Upon returning to Japan, he became a professor in 1924 and a member of the Institute of Chemical Research. He later served as a professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.

Horiba held several notable administrative positions: he was Dean of the Faculty of Science at Kyoto University and retired as a Professor Emeritus in 1947. That same year, he was elected President of the Chemical Society of Japan. Additionally, he was the first Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at Doshisha University in 1949, the inaugural President of Osaka Prefecture University, and the first President of Kyoto Municipal College of Music. In 1952, he became President of Naniwa University and was elected a member of the Japan Academy in 1949.

In 1926, Horiba founded "Progress in Physical Chemistry," the first specialized journal in physical chemistry.

桜井秀 - 風俗史家 年賀状 1933 エフ・エム・トラウツ

桜井秀 - 風俗史家 年賀状 1933 エフ・エム・トラウツ

Japanese Historian Sakurai Shigeru Postcard to F. M. Trautz

This card has a postmark from Komagome (Tokyo) dated January 5, 1933, with greetings in German and Japanese. Additionally, Sakurai writes: '昨年華族会館ニテ貴兄 - 御ツクリノ鞠ヲ見マシタ' (さくねん かぞくいん にて きけい おつくりのまりをみました / Last year, at the Peerage Hall, I saw the ball you made).

Sakurai is informing Trautz that he saw a ball (mari, 鞠) that Trautz had made at the Kazokuin (Peerage Hall) the previous year. The "ball" could refer to a literal object, perhaps used in traditional games like kemari (an ancient Japanese form of football), or it could be a ceremonial item, depending on the context. This suggests that Trautz crafted a ball that was either showcased or utilized during an event at the Peerage Hall, and Sakurai took notice of it.

"Peerage Hall" refers to a building or institution associated with the Kazoku, which was the Japanese peerage system established during the Meiji period. The Kazoku included the nobility class that consisted of five ranks: prince (kōshaku), marquis (kōshaku), count (hakushaku), viscount (shishaku), and baron (danshaku).

Although Trautz transcribes 桜井秀 as Sakurai Hide, we believe his name should be read as 'Sakurai Shigeru.' Sakurai (1885-1942) was a historian specializing in manners and customs during the Meiji to early Showa periods. In 1906, he founded a study group on the history of manners and customs with Seki Yasunosuke and Miyamoto Seisuke. He also served as a member of the Historiographical Institute of Tokyo Imperial University and as an official in the Library Bureau of the Imperial Household Ministry, during which time he published works such as 'History of Japanese Manners' and 'Study on the History of Manners and Customs.

香西大見 コウザイ, オオミ 1898-1979 Postcard Sent to F. M. Trautz

香西大見 コウザイ, オオミ 1898-1979 Postcard Sent to F. M. Trautz

Japanese Scholar Kōzai Ōmi Postcard to F. M. Trautz

Although Trautz writes 'Kasai' in pencil on the front of this postcard, we believe the proper pronunciation for 香西大見 is Kōzai Ōmi, based on the 'National Diet Library' Japan website search. His return address is listed as Fushimi, Kyoto, with a postmark from Fushimi dated January 1, 1933.

Kōzai Ōmi (香西大見) (1898-1979) was a Japanese scholar known for his work in Japanese history and ideology. He is particularly recognized for his study of the concept of kokutai (国体), which examines Japan’s national identity and the role of the emperor within the state's ideological framework.

Two notable works by Kōzai Ōmi are:

"皇国体の根本義" (Kōkoku-tai no Konpon Gi), translated as "The Fundamental Principles of the National Polity," which explores the principles underlying Japan’s national identity and polity.

"わが旅路の道草" (Waga Tabiji no Michikusa), translated as "The Grass on My Journey's Path," a reflective work on his personal experiences and insights gained throughout his life.

西村貞 - 西村久次郎 Postcard to F. M. Trautz 1933

西村貞 - 西村久次郎 Postcard to F. M. Trautz 1933

Nishimura Tei (1893-1961), whose birth name was Nishimura Hisajirō (西村久次郎), was born in Osaka. He learned Western painting from Matsubara Sangorō and studied at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts. After leaving Meiji University, he focused on Renaissance painting and traveled to Europe between 1921 and 1923. Upon his return to Japan, he shifted his focus to Japanese art, conducting surveys of stone Buddha statues in Nara Prefecture. He later expanded his research to explore how Western art was received in Japan, and during this time, he also studied the tea ceremony and gardens. As an independent researcher, Nishimura dedicated himself to investigating areas often overlooked by official art historians, such as stone Buddha statues and early Western-style Christian paintings, making significant contributions to these fields. 

Interestingly, New York Public Library lists 15 works by him: New York Public Library. (n.d.). Research catalog. Retrieved from https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/search (Keyword search: Nishimura Tei).

栗山一郎 高野山 1933 F. M. Trautz New Year's Card

栗山一郎 高野山 1933 F. M. Trautz New Year's Card

Kuriyama Ichirō lists his address as Koyasan (高野山) in Wakayama Prefecture. Koyasan is a significant site in Japanese Buddhism, particularly for the Shingon sect, so Kuriyama was likely associated with it, but I was not able to find anything on him.

北村澤吉 闇然 1933 Postcard to F. M. Trautz

北村澤吉 闇然 1933 Postcard to F. M. Trautz

Japan Hiroshima University Professor Kitazawa Sawakichi Postcard to F. M. Trautz 1933

Kitamura Sawakichi (北村澤吉, 1874-1945), a Sinologist, was born on July 5, 1874 (Meiji 7), in Tatsuta, Kochi Prefecture. He graduated from the Chinese Literature Department of Tokyo University’s Faculty of Letters. In 1902 (Meiji 35), Kitamura was invited to Qing China, where he taught for nine years, serving as an advisor to the highest leaders of the time. During this period, he immersed himself in the study of Confucianism.

In 1919 (Taishō 8), he became a professor of Chinese Literature at Hiroshima University, specializing in the history and general study of Confucianism. His work on Confucianism was translated into German and Chinese and was widely read by the public in China, even during the height of the anti-Japanese May Fourth Movement. In 1938 (Shōwa 13), he retired from Hiroshima University at the age of 65. His pen name was 闇然 (Anzen).

柳宗悦 兼子 1933 F. M. Trautz and Hilda

柳宗悦 兼子 1933 F. M. Trautz and Hilda

Yanagi Souetsu Japanese Mingei Art Founder 1933 F. M. Trautz

This 1933 New Year's card by Yanagi Muneyoshi (Yanagi Souetsu) and his wife Kaneko was sent from Kyoto-shi, Sakyo-ku, Shimogamo Kashiwabe-cho. They were pioneers of Mingei movement.

Yanagi Muneyoshi (1891-1961), also known as Yanagi Soetsu, was a seminal figure in the appreciation and promotion of Japanese folk art. Yanagi was a philosopher, art critic, and collector who played a crucial role in establishing the Mingei (folk crafts) movement in Japan. This movement sought to elevate the status of everyday crafts and objects created by unknown artisans, emphasizing their inherent beauty and cultural value.

Educated at Tokyo University, Yanagi's interest in the beauty of everyday objects was sparked by his encounter with Korean pottery in the early 1910s. In 1925, he coined the term "Mingei," combining the Japanese words for "folk" (min) and "craft" (gei). Along with potters Hamada Shoji and Kawai Kanjiro, Yanagi sought to recognize the aesthetic and cultural value of handcrafted objects used in daily life, emphasizing simplicity and sincerity.

Yanagi was a prolific writer, and his works helped articulate and disseminate the principles of the Mingei movement. His seminal book, "The Unknown Craftsman" (published in English in 1972), outlines his philosophy and has been influential internationally. In 1936, he established the Japan Folk Crafts Museum (Nihon Mingeikan) in Tokyo, which remains a vital cultural resource showcasing the beauty and diversity of folk art.

Yanagi's connection to Harvard University helped disseminate his work in the United States. In the 1950s, his philosophy caught the attention of prominent scholars and artists associated with Harvard, leading to the publication of "The Unknown Craftsman" with significant contributions from Harvard-affiliated individuals. This recognition helped solidify his reputation as a visionary thinker and a pivotal figure in the global appreciation of traditional crafts.

Yanagi Muneyoshi's wife, Yanagi Kaneko, played a significant role in supporting her husband's endeavors and was an active participant in the Mingei movement. She was deeply involved in the operations of the Japan Folk Crafts Museum and contributed to preserving and promoting folk crafts. The couple shared a passion for art and culture, and Kaneko's support was instrumental in enabling Yanagi to pursue his vision for the Mingei movement.

木下慧運 大学生 1933 F. M. Trautz

木下慧運 大学生 1933 F. M. Trautz 

Kinoshita Keiun states that he is a college student, but we are unable to read the name of his college. His return address is Ōsaka-fu, Nakakawachi-gun, Ōhe-mura, Aza Ishikiri. We have not been able to find any information about him through search engines.

山上忠麻呂 to F. M. Trautz 1933 はがき

山上忠麻呂 to F. M. Trautz 1933 はがき

Japanese Folklorist Tadamaro Yamakami Postcard to F. M. Trautz 1933 

This card, sent by Tadamaro Yamakami (山上忠麻呂) of Kyoto, is addressed to Trautz and postmarked in Fushimi on January 1, 1933. Interestingly, Yamakami included "Professor at the University of Berlin and Director of the German-Japanese Society" (ベルリン大学教授日独協会理事) as part of Trautz's address.

Yamakami's original artwork and poetry, signed by him as 山上忠麻呂, is illustrated on the backside of the Nanase River in Kyoto, which makes this card very desirable. Although he is better known as 山上忠麿 (1887–1965), 山上忠麻呂 is a lesser-known name or variant not extensively covered in major databases or publications. Yamakami was a Japanese folklorist known for his research on traditional Japanese performing arts and customs from the early to mid-20th century. He focused on traditional Japanese culture and customs, contributing significantly through his research and publications. Additionally, Tadamaro Yamakami was known as a poet, with his works featured in various literary magazines.

His son, Izumo Yamagami (山上伊豆母), was also a well-known Japanese folklorist. He earned a doctorate in literature from Kokugakuin University and served as a professor at Doshisha University and Tezukayama University. Izumo published extensively on ancient ritual traditions and the origins of Japanese performing arts​.

松本敏三 数学者 to F. M. Trautz 1933 年賀状

Japanese Mathematician Toshizo Matsumoto Postcard to Japanologist F. M. Trautz 1933

松本敏三  数学者 to F. M. Trautz 1933 年賀状

This New Year's card has a postmark from 聖護院 (Shōgo-in, Kyoto) and is dated January 2, 1933. It was sent by Toshizo Matsumoto (松本敏三) and addressed to Trautz, though Matsumoto writes 'Traut' instead.

Toshizo Matsumoto was a notable mathematician who served as a professor at Kyoto Imperial University, now Kyoto University. He was born on July 13, 1890, in Osaka, Japan, and specialized in mathematics. Matsumoto had a significant academic career; he graduated from Kyoto Imperial University in 1914, and he was appointed as a lecturer at the university shortly thereafter. He became a professor at Kyoto Imperial University in 1925 and continued in this role until his retirement in 1953.

Matsumoto was also an author of several academic books focused on mathematics, including works on differential equations and analytical geometry​. He passed away on May 21, 1965​.

堀江昶山 普済 to F. M. Trautz

Japanese Temple Priest Horie Chōzan to Japanologist F. M. Trautz

堀江昶山 普済 to F. M. Trautz

This 1933 greeting card has a postmark from Hamamatsu (Shizuoka) dated January 1, 1933. It was sent by Horie Chōzan (堀江昶山) from 普済寺内 (Fusaiji-nai), meaning "inside Fusaiji Temple." He lists himself as 墨華書道会岳南支部主, the "Head of the Gakunan Branch of the Bokuka Calligraphy Association." He was likely a priest there.

二荒芳徳 Futara Yoshinori to F. M. Trautz 1933

Boy Scouts of Japan Founder Futara Yoshinori 1933 Postcard to F. M. Trautz

二荒芳徳 Futara Yoshinori to F. M. Trautz 1933

This January 1933 New Year's card was sent by Futara Yoshinori (二荒芳徳) to F. M. Trautz from Yotsuya, Tokyo, and features a postmark from Akasaka (Tokyo). Notably, the reverse side includes Futara's itinerary from the previous year, 1932.

昨年は七月中には樺太全島に、九月中には満州国の首都

新京、及び奉天に、十二月中には朝鮮主要各都市に遊び、

青少年社会教育を視察いたしました。

今年よりはなるべく静居して「国家己性を索めて」拙者の 発刊を急ぎたく存じております。

"Last year, I traveled across the entire island of Karafuto in July, visited Hsinking, the capital of Manchukuo, and Fengtian in September, and toured major cities in Korea in December, where I observed youth social education. This year, I plan to remain as quiet as possible and focus on hastening the publication of '国家己性を索めて' (Seeking the Essence of the Nation)."

(二荒 芳徳, Futara Yoshinori, 1886 – 1967)

Count Yoshinori Futara was adopted by the Date family, a distinguished and influential samurai family in Japan. The Date family, known for its historical significance and prominent members, played a crucial role in the feudal and early modern periods of Japan. The adoption into such a prestigious family would have provided Count Futara with significant social and cultural status, enabling him to take on important roles, such as his position in the Imperial Household Ministry and his involvement in the founding of the Boy Scouts of Japan.

Count Yoshinori Futara's connection with Baldur Benedikt von Schirach is an interesting historical detail. Baldur von Schirach was a prominent Nazi official, known for his role as the leader of the Hitler Youth and later as the Gauleiter of Vienna. The connection between Count Futara and von Schirach is rooted in their shared interest in youth movements.

photo of Futara (left) and von Schirach (center) is public domain photo found online

In the early 1930s, during the rise of the Nazi regime, von Schirach sought to connect with similar movements worldwide, including the Boy Scouts. Count Futara, as a co-founder and leader in the Boy Scouts of Japan, likely interacted with von Schirach in the context of international youth movements and exchanges. This connection would have been part of broader efforts by youth organizations to establish international ties and learn from each other's experiences.

However, the nature of their relationship and the extent of their interactions are not widely documented, and the ideological differences between the Boy Scouts and the Hitler Youth would have presented significant barriers to any deep collaboration. The Boy Scouts, with their emphasis on service, community, and non-political engagement, differed fundamentally from the highly politicized and militaristic nature of the Hitler Youth.

幸田成友 Koda Shigetomo 1933 to F. M. Trautz and Hilda

幸田成友 Koda Shigetomo 1933 to F. M. Trautz and Hilda

Postmarked January 1, 1933, from Yodobashi (Tokyo), this postcard is addressed to F. M. Trautz and his wife. It was sent by Kōda Shigetomo from 440 Kamiogikubo, Suginami-ku, Tokyo.

Kōda Shigetomo (幸田成友, 1873-1954) was a distinguished Japanese historian and economic historian, renowned for his significant contributions to the study of Japanese history, particularly the Edo period. Born in Tokyo in 1873, he was the younger brother of the famous writer Kōda Shigeyuki (幸田成行, 1867-1947), known by his pen name Kōda Rohan. Shigetomo graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1896 and later engaged in the compilation of the "History of Osaka City" from 1901 to 1909. He went on to teach at institutions such as Keio University and Tokyo College of Commerce, where he imparted his knowledge and passion for history to many students.

His scholarly pursuits led him to publish "Studies in Japanese Economic History" in 1928, earning him a Doctor of Literature degree. Shigetomo's research focused on various aspects of the Edo period's economic and urban history, with a particular emphasis on Osaka and Edo. He also conducted groundbreaking research on the history of Japan-Europe relations, spending two years studying in Europe, primarily in the Netherlands. Shigetomo's works, including "Oshio Heihachiro" and "Edo to Osaka", are considered seminal texts in the field of Japanese historical studies. Even after his death in 1954, his influence and legacy continue to inspire scholars in Japan and around the world.

1933 New Year's Greetings from 仙心堂書店 - 名山堂書店 - 山口屋 to F. M. Trautz

These are typical greeting cards sent from businesses to Trautz. Senshindo Shoten 仙心堂書店 was a bookstore. Meizando Shoten 名山堂書店 was also a bookstore and described their business as a nationwide purveyor for schools, government offices, and libraries. As for Yamaguchiya 山口屋 , we are not able to identify their business.

Naruse Kiyoshi 成瀬清 (成瀬無極) to Dr. F. M. Trautz 1933

Japanese Scholar Naruse Kiyoshi Greetings to Friedrich Max Trautz

Naruse Kiyoshi 成瀬清  (成瀬無極) to Dr. F. M. Trautz 1933

This postcard postmarked in Kyoto and dated January 4, 1933 was sent by Naruse Kiyoshi  (1885-1958) to Doctor Trautz. 

成瀬清 (Naruse Kiyoshi), also known as 成瀬無極 (Naruse Mukyoku), was a distinguished Japanese scholar born in 1885. He graduated from the German Department of Tokyo Imperial University, reflecting his strong academic background and multilingual proficiency. This education laid the foundation for his diverse and influential career, as he became known for his contributions to literature, education, and cultural studies.

Naruse's education at Tokyo Imperial University was instrumental in shaping his intellectual pursuits. The rigorous curriculum and exposure to Western literary and philosophical traditions provided him with a broad perspective that he skillfully integrated into his work. His proficiency in German allowed him to engage deeply with German literature and philosophy, enriching his own scholarly output and enabling cross-cultural dialogues.

As a scholar, Naruse Kiyoshi made significant contributions to Japanese literature and cultural studies. His analyses of classical Japanese texts were marked by a unique blend of traditional scholarship and modern critical methods. Naruse's ability to interpret ancient literature through a contemporary lens brought renewed attention to these works and highlighted their enduring relevance. His writings often explored the interplay between Japanese and Western literary traditions, offering fresh insights and fostering a deeper understanding of cultural exchanges.

In addition to his scholarly work, Naruse was a dedicated educator. He taught at various institutions, where he influenced many students with his knowledge and passion for literature and culture. His commitment to education extended beyond the classroom, as he actively participated in academic societies and contributed to the development of educational curricula. Naruse's efforts in education were aimed at nurturing a new generation of scholars who would continue to explore and expand upon his work.

Japanese Geographer Akira Nakanome 中目覚 to F. M. Trautz 1933 Postcard

 中目覚 to Hilda and F. M. Trautz

Japanese Geographer Akira Nakanome 中目覚  to F. M. Trautz

This January 9, 1933 天王寺 (Tennoji...Osaka) postmarked card was sent by 中目覺 (Akira Nakanome) and addressed to Mr. and Mrs. Trautz.

Akira Nakanome, born on May 23, 1874, in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, was a prominent geographer, linguist, educational administrator, and Esperantist. He pursued higher education in German Literature at the Imperial University of Japan, where he graduated at the top of his class in 1899. His academic excellence earned him a silver watch from the Emperor. After graduation, Nakanome began his career as a professor of German language at the Fourth Higher School, which later became Kanazawa University. In 1903, he took a teaching position at the newly established Hiroshima Higher Normal School, now known as Hiroshima University, where he taught German and geography for a brief period before being sent by the Ministry of Education to Austria-Hungary for advanced studies.

In Vienna, Nakanome studied under renowned geographers Penck and Brückner at the University of Vienna. His research focused on Quaternary glacial landforms, climatology, and geography. In 1904, he embarked on significant research expeditions to the eastern Alps, Switzerland, and along the Rhine River to Brussels. These experiences and observations were later compiled into his 1920 publication, "The Alps and the Rhine."

Returning to Japan, Nakanome established a geography education course at Hiroshima Higher Normal School in 1907. That same year, he conducted the first academic survey of Akiyoshido Cave with Edward Gauntlett, a member of the Royal Geographical Society. Nakanome went on to lecture in geography at various institutions, including Matsuyama High School and Kyoto Imperial University.

During World War II, Nakanome served as the director of the North China Japanese Language Education Research Institute, where he promoted Japanese language education on the continent. He later became the first principal of the Osaka School of Foreign Studies, which evolved into Osaka University of Foreign Studies. His extensive travels for geographical surveys took him to every continent except the polar regions. Notably, he formed a friendship with Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I during a research trip to Africa.

Nakanome's contributions extended beyond geography to include linguistics and the deciphering of ancient characters in Temiya Cave in Otaru. As an avid Esperantist, he discovered the language during a stay in Brussels in 1905 and later co-founded the Hiroshima Esperanto Club with his colleague Naoe Ohno. Akira Nakanome's diverse achievements and dedication to his fields made him a leading figure of his time. He passed away on March 27, 1959, leaving a lasting legacy in geography, linguistics, and education.

金子元臣 Friedrich M. Trautz 1933 Tokyo **

Japanese Poet Kaneko Moto-Omi to F. M. Trautz 1933 

金子元臣 Friedrich M. Trautz 1933 Tokyo

This postcard addressed to Trautz has a postmark from Koishikawa, Tokyo dated Jan. 1, 1933.

Kaneko Moto-Omi, 金子元臣, also known as Kaneko Makien, was a prominent Japanese literature scholar and tanka poet, born in Shizuoka in 1869. Despite being self-educated, he demonstrated remarkable dedication to learning and scholarship, earning a place at Kokugakuin University and later becoming a professor there. He also taught at Keio University and was a member of the Imperial Poetry Department.

Kaneko was known for his deep understanding and appreciation of Japanese poetry and culture. His works, such as the "Manyoshu Commentary," showcased his expertise in the field. He was also the editor of the tanka magazine Akebono and authored several influential works, including "Commentary on the Kokin Wakashu," "Commentary on the Pillow Book," and "A New Interpretation of the Definitive Edition of the Tale of Genji."

Throughout his career, Kaneko imparted his knowledge and passion for Japanese literature, leaving a lasting impact on the field. His contributions and role as a leading figure in the school of poetry have solidified his legacy as a prominent scholar and educator. Kaneko Motoomi passed away in 1944, leaving behind a rich body of work that continues to inspire scholars and poets alike.

羽田亨 1933 Postcard to F. M. Trautz **

Japanese Scholar Haneda Tōru to F. M. Trautz 1933 Postcard **

羽田亨 1933 Postcard to F. M. Trautz

Postmarked Jan. 5, 1933, Kyoto.

Haneda Tōru (羽田亨, 1882-1955) was a distinguished Japanese scholar whose pioneering research in Central Asian history and Silk Road studies significantly advanced our understanding of cultural and historical exchanges between China and its neighboring regions. His contributions laid the foundation for modern Asian studies, bridging Eastern and Western academic traditions.

Born in Kyoto, Japan, in 1882, Haneda pursued higher education at Tokyo Imperial University, studying under prominent scholars specializing in Chinese history. His academic rigor and passion for learning set him on a path to becoming one of the foremost experts in Asian studies.

In the early 20th century, Haneda traveled to France to further his research. His time there was crucial for his academic development, as he engaged with leading French scholars and immersed himself in Western methodologies. This experience enriched his perspective and deepened his understanding of Central Asian history and the Silk Road.

Upon returning to Japan, Haneda joined the faculty of Kyoto Imperial University (now Kyoto University), where he became a key figure in Asian studies. As a professor, he mentored numerous students and contributed to establishing Asian studies as a distinct academic discipline in Japan.

In addition to his scholarly achievements, Haneda played a crucial role in fostering academic exchange between Japan and Western countries. His efforts helped bridge cultural and academic gaps, promoting a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of Asian history and culture.

Haneda's scholarly output was extensive, with several key publications that have had a lasting impact on the field:

「支那歴史地理研究」 (Shina Rekishi Chiri Kenkyū, Studies in Chinese Historical Geography): This work explores the geographical dimensions of Chinese history, emphasizing how geography influenced historical events and cultural interactions.

「シルクロード研究」 (Shirukurōdo Kenkyū, Studies on the Silk Road): Haneda's comprehensive study of the Silk Road examines its role as a conduit for cultural, economic, and technological exchanges between East and West.

「西域文化研究」 (Seiiki Bunka Kenkyū, Studies in Central Asian Culture): This book investigates the cultural exchanges between Central Asia and neighboring regions, particularly focusing on the influences on Chinese culture.

「東亜文化交流史」 (Tōa Bunka Kōryūshi, History of East Asian Cultural Exchanges): Analyzing historical cultural exchanges within East Asia, this work highlights the region's interconnectedness and the flow of ideas, art, and technology.

「東西文化交流史」 (Tōzai Bunka Kōryūshi, History of East-West Cultural Exchanges): This book explores the interactions between Eastern and Western cultures, emphasizing the Silk Road's role in facilitating these connections.

寺田密次郎 ドクトル・エフ・エム・トラウツ **

 寺田密次郎 ドクトル・エフ・エム・トラウツ

This 1933 card was sent by Mitsujiro Terada (1885-1945) from Sapporo, Hokkaido, to Doctor F. M. Trautz. Terada was born in Shizuoka Prefecture in 1885 and graduated from Kokugakuin University. After serving as the chief priest of Izasumi Shrine, he became the chief priest of Hakodate Hachiman Shrine on February 6, 1930. On April 16, 1932, he became the chief priest of Sapporo Shrine, and also served as the shrine priest of Sapporo Shokonsha, the chief priest of Dewa Shrine, and the chief priest of Heian Shrine.

In the year following the sending of this New Year's greeting, Terada published a work titled "Haguroyama Kogyo Zufu" (羽黒山古鏡図譜), which suggests that it is an illustrated catalog or compilation of ancient mirrors found at Mount Haguro, a sacred site in the Dewa Sanzan region, which includes Mount Gassan and Mount Yudono. This region is significant in Shugendo, a syncretic religion combining elements of Shinto and Buddhism.

The publication date of Showa 9 (1934) aligns with his tenure as a prominent religious figure. The work focuses on ancient mirrors, which are important artifacts in both Shinto and Buddhist contexts, often used in rituals and as offerings. The reference to Tomotaro Ito, an archaeologist from Tado-cho, Kuwana City, Mie Prefecture, suggests that this work was part of his collection, indicating its value and significance in the field of archaeology and religious studies.

木場了本 (1885–1940) to F. M. Trautz **

木場了本 (1885–1940) to F. M. Trautz

This 1933 New Year's card was sent by 木場了本 (Kiba Ryōhon, 1885–1940) from Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa-ken.

Kiba Ryōhon was a Japanese Buddhist scholar and professor. Born in Toyama Prefecture, he graduated from the Department of Philosophy at Tokyo Imperial University in 1911. He became a professor at Shinshu Otani University in 1915 and studied abroad in Germany and England from 1920 to 1923. After returning to Japan, he continued his academic career as a professor at Otani University.

In 1928, he joined the Fourth High School, where he taught ethics, philosophy, psychology, and logic. He held various administrative positions, including head of student affairs, council member, and department head. Kiba was known for his deep knowledge of both Buddhist and Western philosophy. He passed away in November 1940 due to a traffic accident. One of his notable works is the co-translation of Schleiermacher's 'Monologues,' with his son, Kiba Jinjō (1907-1999), published in 1943. 

三條西 公正 1933年 エフ・エム・トラウツ **

三條西 公正 1933年 エフ・エム・トラウツ

This card sent by Sanjōnishi is postmarked Koishikawa (Tokyo) and dated January 3, 1933. It is addressed to ドクトル・エフ・エム・トラウツ and his wife. The embossed designs on this card are of particular interest, as they contain the same elements as the one sent by Miyako Taxi (see post dated September 18, 2023).

Miyako Taxi Postcard

Sanjōnishi Kino-sa (三條西 公正) was a nobleman, belonging to the esteemed Sanjōnishi family, which has a long history as part of the kuge, the Japanese court nobility. This aristocratic class served the Imperial Court in Kyoto for centuries, and the Sanjōnishi family has a distinguished legacy of contributing to Japanese culture and arts.

Kinosa was born on January 8, 1901, and he pursued a path of academic and cultural excellence from an early age. He graduated from Tokyo Imperial University, one of the most prestigious institutions in Japan. Following his education, he served as an inspector at the Imperial Museum, which showcased his deep involvement in preserving and promoting Japanese cultural heritage.

Sanjonishi Kinosa and his wife Nobuko

In 1947, Kinosa became the head of the Oie School of Kōdō, a traditional Japanese art form dedicated to the appreciation of incense. Under his leadership, he worked tirelessly to revive and develop Kōdō, ensuring its continued relevance and practice. His role as the president of the Japan Kodo Association further underscores his significant impact on this cultural art form.

Kinosa’s scholarly interests were not limited to Kōdō. He was also an expert in court arts and the history of Japanese clothing, and he was an accomplished calligrapher. His literary works, such as "Appreciation of Kumiko" and "An Overview of Japanese Clothing History," reflect his broad expertise and contribution to Japanese cultural studies.

His marriage to Princess Kuninomiya Nobuko, the younger sister of Empress Kōjun, cemented his status within the higher echelons of Japanese nobility. This union also underscores the Sanjōnishi family's close ties to the imperial family, further highlighting their prominent position in Japanese society.

Sanjōnishi Kinosa's legacy continued through his family, particularly through his successor, Sanjōnishi Saneaki, who also dedicated himself to the development of Kōdō. Kinosa's younger brother, Sanjōnishi Sanei, inherited the family name of their maternal uncle, Kuninomiya Kunihisa, ensuring the continuation of their noble lineage.

Kinosa passed away on January 25, 1984, at the age of 83, leaving behind a rich legacy of cultural and academic contributions. His work not only preserved traditional Japanese arts but also laid the foundation for their modern appreciation and study.

1933 Well Wishes from 手塚良道 to Doctor F. M. Trautz **

1933 Well Wishes from 手塚良道 to Doctor F. M. Trautz

This card was sent from Hakushima Nakamachi, Hiroshima by 手塚良道 (Tezuka Yoshimichi, 1889-1961), and is addressed to トラウツ博士殿. The term 博士殿 (hakase-dono) is a respectful way to address someone who holds a doctoral degree in Japan. "博士" (hakase) means "doctor" (as in a PhD), and "殿" (dono) is an honorific suffix that conveys respect, similar to "sir" or "madam." The combination 博士殿 (hakase-dono) would thus translate to "Dr. Trautz" in a very respectful manner.

Tezuka, who also used the pen name 豊溪 (Hōkei), was a notable Japanese author and educator who made significant contributions to the study and teaching of Chinese philosophy and literature. In 1914, Tezuka graduated from the Chinese Philosophy Department of the Faculty of Letters at Tokyo Imperial University, one of Japan's most prestigious institutions of higher learning at the time. The Faculty of Letters offered a wide range of humanities and social science disciplines, including the study of classical Chinese texts, Confucianism, Daoism, and other traditional Chinese philosophical schools of thought.

Tezuka authored several influential works, including:

儒教道徳に於ける君臣思想 (Thoughts on Lord and Vassal in Confucian Ethics): This book explores the Confucian concept of the ethical relationship between rulers and their subjects, which is a cornerstone of Confucian political philosophy.

新制女子漢文 (New System of Chinese Literature for Women): In this work, Tezuka adapted classical Chinese literature for women's education, reflecting his progressive views on the accessibility of knowledge and the importance of women's education.

支那精神 (The Spirit of China): This publication delves into the cultural and spiritual essence of China, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of Chinese ethos and its historical development.

支那思想史略 (A Brief History of Chinese Thought): This book offers an overview of the evolution of Chinese philosophical thought, highlighting key ideas and figures that shaped Chinese intellectual history.

Tezuka Yoshimichi's contributions to the study of Chinese philosophy and literature, along with his efforts to make this knowledge accessible to a broader audience, have left a lasting impact on the field. His works continue to be recognized for their depth of insight and scholarly rigor.

中野楚渓 (Nakano Sokei) エフ・エム・トラウツ **

中野楚渓 (Nakano Sokei) エフ・エム・トラウツ

Based on the information contained in this 1933 dated New Year's card (芸苑巡礼会 / 京都林泉協会 / 中野芸術院 / 京都市丸太町烏丸西入), we can relate the following:

中野楚渓 (Nakano Sokei)

Nakano Sokei was a distinguished figure in the Japanese arts community, known for his significant contributions to the documentation, preservation, and promotion of Japanese cultural heritage. He was actively involved in several prominent cultural and artistic organizations, each playing a crucial role in preserving and enhancing Japan's rich artistic traditions.

芸苑巡礼会 (Geien Junreikai)

Nakano Sokei was closely associated with the Geien Junreikai, a society dedicated to the exploration and appreciation of Japanese art and cultural sites. The society organized cultural pilgrimages and produced publications to promote a deeper understanding of Japan's artistic heritage. Through these activities, the Geien Junreikai sought to foster a greater appreciation for traditional Japanese art forms and cultural landmarks.

京都林泉協会 (Kyoto Rinsen Kyokai)

Nakano Sokei was also involved with the Kyoto Rinsen Kyokai, an organization co-founded by the influential landscape architect Shigemori Mirei in 1932. The Kyoto Rinsen Kyokai focused on the study and preservation of Japanese gardens, an integral part of Japan's cultural legacy. The association conducted meticulous surveys and research, culminating in the publication of the "Illustrated Book on the History of the Japanese Garden." This work significantly contributed to the documentation and revival of many historical gardens in Japan.

中野芸術院 (Nakano Geijutsuin)

Nakano Sokei established the Nakano Geijutsuin, an institution dedicated to the promotion and education of traditional Japanese arts. The Geijutsuin aimed to preserve and disseminate Japan's artistic heritage through exhibitions, educational programs, and collaborations with artists and scholars. By fostering an environment of learning and appreciation, the Nakano Geijutsuin played a vital role in maintaining the vibrancy of Japanese cultural practices.

京都市丸太町烏丸西入 (Kyoto-shi Marutamachi Karasuma Nishiiru)

Nakano Sokei was based in Kyoto, specifically in the area of Marutamachi Karasuma Nishiiru. Kyoto, a city renowned for its historical and cultural significance, provided a rich backdrop for Sokei's work and contributions to the arts. His presence in this cultural hub underscored his dedication to preserving and promoting Japan's artistic traditions.

In summary, Nakano Sokei's involvement with the Geien Junreikai, Kyoto Rinsen Kyokai, and Nakano Geijutsuin highlights his multifaceted contributions to the preservation and promotion of Japanese cultural heritage. His efforts in these organizations reflect his deep commitment to fostering a greater appreciation for Japan's rich artistic and cultural history.

北野神社 (北野天満宮) の足立茂から エフ・エム・トラウツ *

北野神社 (北野天満宮) の足立茂から エフ・エム・トラウツ

Adachi Shigeru's association with Kanpeichusha Kitano Jinjya, known today as Kitano-Tenmangu, suggests he may have been involved in the shrine's operations or administration. His return address in Kyoto provides a specific location where he likely worked. This information helps place him within a historical context related to the shrine and its activities.

足立茂, 官幣中社 北野神社, 京都市大将軍鷹司町三六ノ一八

昭和8年 河野清晃からの年賀状 F. M. Trautz **

昭和8年 河野清晃からの年賀状 F. M. Trautz

準別格本山総持院, 執事, 河野清晃, 和歌山県高野山

This is a 1933 New Year's card sent from Seikō Kōno to Trautz. Kono, born in Fukuoka Prefecture on August 23, 1906, was a Buddhist monk, artist, art collector, author, and President of the German-Japanese Society in Nara. He authored 高野山根本大塔の研究 "A Study of the Konpon Daito of Mount Koya" in 1934-5 (also known as Der Große Stūpa auf dem Kōyasan in Germany), which Trautz translated from Japanese to German.

At the age of eleven, Kono enlisted in the Shingon sect. As a youth, he was an avid mountaineer, mainly climbing in the Koyasan region. In 1940, he became the superintendent priest of Daianji Temple in Nara, but during WWII, he was drafted to serve in the army. In 1956, he started the "Nara Japanese-German Association," with Daianji as its headquarters. He died on November 16, 2001, at the age of 95. His death was announced in many Japanese papers and on TV.

高野山根本大塔の研究

Kono Seikou had a significant relationship with Dr. F.M. Trautz, a professor at the University of Berlin and head of the Kyoto Nara-Nichi-Do Cultural Institute. This relationship was sparked by Kono's scholarly work, "A Study of the Konpon Daito of Mount Koya," which was published during his time at Koyasan University. Dr. Trautz translated this work into German and introduced it to the world, contributing to Seikou's international recognition. This collaboration reflects Seikou's commitment to promoting cultural exchange and his efforts to engage with scholars and institutions beyond Japan.

Ueno Naoteru 上野直昭 to F. M. Trautz and Hilda Trautz **

Ueno Naoteru 上野直昭 to F. M. Trautz and Hilda Trautz

Naoteru Ueno (1882-1973) was a prominent Japanese aesthetician and scholar, born in 1882 in Kobe. He graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1908 and went on to work as an assistant to Professor Yasuharu Otsuka in the field of aesthetics. Ueno conducted research on picture scrolls and received funding from the Toshogu Shrine Three Hundredth Anniversary Celebration Committee for his work.

In his career, Ueno held various academic positions, including lecturer at Tokyo Women's University and Keijo Imperial University. He also spent two years in Europe and the United States for research in aesthetics and art history. Ueno served as a professor at Keijo Imperial University and later became the dean of the Faculty of Law and Literature there.

During his career, Ueno made significant contributions to the study of Japanese art history. He served as a visiting professor in Germany, lecturing on Japanese art history at the University of Berlin. He also held positions such as director of the Osaka City Museum of Fine Arts and president of Tokyo University of the Arts.

Ueno was involved in the preservation of cultural properties in Japan and was a member of the National Treasure Preservation Society. He was elected as a member of the Japan Academy in 1946 in recognition of his academic achievements. Ueno passed away in 1973 at the age of 90.

Note: Paper by Professor Miyuki Yasumatsu of Beppu University makes for interesting reading, as she writes about numerous connections between Trautz and Ueno in "美術史家上野直昭とベルリンの(日本研究所 Japaninstitut) の活動をめぐって" - Art Historian Naoteru Ueno and the Activities of the "Japaninstitut" in Berlin.

朴木千太郎 to Dr. F. M. Trautz *

朴木千太郎 to Dr. F. M. Trautz 

This 1933 New Year's greeting card was sent by Hōnoki Sentarō from Osaka. He listed his address as 325 Kamisumiyoshi-chō, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka (大阪市住吉区上住吉町三二五番地), with a telephone number of Sumiyoshi 2850 (電話住吉二八五〇番). However, he seems to have been lost to history, as I was unable to obtain any information about him.

川崎市蔵 Kawasaki Ichizo to Doctor Trautz 1932 and 1933 *

川崎市蔵 Kawasaki Ichizo to Doctor Trautz 1932

This New Year's card from 1932 was sent by Ichizo Kawasaki of Yoshioen in Zushioku, Yamashina-cho, Kyoto. Other than being an educator and possibly an author of several books, not much else was available about him online. In the following year, 1933, Kawasaki sent another card. Unlike his 1932 card, the reverse of this card is wholly preprinted with all the pertinent information, clearly intended for mass distribution. He made a small error in Trautz's name by forgetting to write 'ラ' in トラウツ and simply adding it on the right side in between ト and ウ.

Kawasaki's decision to add the missing character to the card instead of creating a new one can be seen as a frugal choice, suggesting resourcefulness and efficiency. However, it could also be interpreted as a sign of sloppiness, depending on one's perspective.

川崎市蔵 Kawasaki Ichizo to Doctor Trautz 1933